In general, I've found that a good laser tracker operator with a copy of Spatial Analyzer (and training in how to use it) can pretty much handle the entire process, with some practice. Unfortunately my employer won't spring for the $$$ for me to have those tools myself so I can experiment with realtime tracker guidance of the robot....

Really, the issue comes down to two things: being able to do good conversions between reference frames, and being able to accurately establish those frames in the first place. As long as you can get accurate data from the design model of where certain tracker-indentifiable features are in
both the sim's reference frame
and the robot's reference frame, you're almost home free. It's just a matter of measuring those points in the real world relative to the real-world robot frame (which can be a bit tricky to measure, but isn't hard as long as you're careful), and building the conversion (or, in a KUKA, using the 4-pt indirect-reference base frame tool).